It is a regulation introduced by the European Commission that establishes a list of environmentally sustainable economic activities considering the alignment of these activities against the following six environmental objectives: Climate change mitigation, Climate change adaptation, Sustainable use and protection of water and marine resources, Transition to a circular economy, Pollution prevention and control & Protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems.

It is a regulation developed by the European Commission to improve transparency in the market for sustainable investment products, prevent greenwashing and increase transparency around sustainability claims made by financial market participants. It imposes comprehensive sustainability disclosure requirements covering a broad range of environmental, social & governance (ESG) metrics at both entity- and product-level.

It is a directive that provides organisational and market transparency requirements aiming to improve investor protection by promoting robust, transparent and efficient financial markets. Among others, MiFID II establishes how financial advisers and asset managers interact with clients – which involves determining the latter’s investment preferences and risk tolerance (suitability assessment).

It is a Directive on insurance distribution introduced by the European Parliament and the Council. The IDD aims to strengthen the rules on the design and distribution of insurance products and harmonize national provisions concerning insurance and reinsurance distribution. It focuses mainly on: product oversight and governance (POG) and product distribution arrangements (PDA), conflicts of interest, client’s information and conduct of business, suitability assessment (and information to customer), professional training and competencies.

It is a directive introduced by the EU Commission that requires private and public European companies, as well as non-EU companies with a substantial presence in the European Union, to report on the impact of their activities on the environment and society and requires the audit of the reported information.

It is a proposed directive developed by the European Commission that aims to create a transparent framework that helps companies assess and manage sustainability risks and impacts concerning core human rights and environmental risks across their value chains. This Directive establishes a corporate due diligence duty.

It is a regulation introduced by the EU Commission that introduces two types of low-carbon benchmarks: the EU Paris-Aligned Benchmark (EU PAB), and the EU Climate Transition Benchmark (EU CTB). The Regulation requires benchmark administrators to disclose certain information on the specific characteristics of the above-mentioned low-carbon benchmarks.

It is a voluntary standard developed by the EU Commission to foster the growth of a transparent and resilient green bond market within the EU. This regulation set a gold standard for how companies and public authorities can use green bonds to raise funds on capital markets to finance such large-scale investments, while meeting sustainability requirements and protecting investors.